CVE Alert: CVE-2025-52461 – The Biosig Project – libbiosig
CVE-2025-52461
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Nex parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted .nex file can lead to an information leak. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
AI Summary Analysis
Risk verdict
High severity risk: remote, unauthenticated exploitation via crafted .nex files could leak memory data and disrupt availability.
Why this matters
The flaw resides in a widely used parsing library; an attacker could exfiltrate sensitive memory contents or crash the consuming application, potentially affecting biosignal data workflows. In environments like medical/biomedical software or research tools, this can translate to downtime, data leakage, and regulatory/compliance concerns.
Most likely attack path
An attacker sends a malicious .nex file over the network to a system that uses libbiosig to parse such inputs. The library’s out-of-bounds read triggers, with no user interaction and no privileges required, potentially leaking information or causing a crash. The scope remains unchanged, so impact is local to the vulnerable process, though affected services may suffer DoS.
Who is most exposed
Deployments that ingest external .nex data via libbiosig, including medical device software, EEG/ECG data analysis apps, and research tools, are at highest risk. Anywhere the library is embedded and processes untrusted files is a candidate exposure.
Detection ideas
- Crashes or segfaults in processes invoking libbiosig during .nex parsing.
- Memory-access errors or atypical memory growth tied to parsing operations.
- Logs showing failed or abnormal parsing of inbound .nex files.
- Unusual spikes in network-driven file ingestion associated with the parser.
- SIGABRT/SIGSEGV patterns attributed to the library.
Mitigation and prioritisation
- Apply vendor patch or upgrade to the fixed libbiosig version as soon as available.
- Enforce sandboxing/restrictions around the parser; isolate untrusted inputs.
- Validate and restrict .nex inputs or switch to trusted data sources; implement input-whitelisting.
- Strengthen network/service exposure controls and monitor for parsing anomalies.
- Change-management: include this in patch cycle and test parsing stability after update.
- If KEV true or EPSS ≥ 0.5, treat as priority 1.
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