CVE Alert: CVE-2025-54106 – Microsoft – Windows Server 2019
CVE-2025-54106
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
AI Summary Analysis
Risk verdict
High risk of remote code execution via RRAS, with total impact potential; exploitation activity is not indicated as active at present, but the CVSS severity remains high.
Why this matters
RRAS often functions as a VPN/remote-access gateway on Windows Server, exposing an attractive foothold to attackers. A successful exploit could yield full system control and enable rapid lateral movement within the domain, compromising key assets and credentials.
Most likely attack path
Attacker targets a reachable RRAS endpoint over the network. The vulnerability has no required local privileges, but user interaction is indicated, meaning social engineering or triggering a user-involved flow may be necessary. Once triggered, code execution with high integrity is possible, enabling complete compromise of the host and potential expansion to other systems in the network.
Who is most exposed
Servers configured to provide RRAS-based remote access, VPN gateways, or site-to-site VPN relays are most at risk. Organisations with RRAS enabled in exposed network segments (including DMZ or internet-facing deployments) are particularly vulnerable.
Detection ideas
- Unusual RRAS service activity or crashes; kernel/memory error dumps referencing RRAS.
- Abnormal network traffic to RRAS endpoints or unexpected crafted packets.
- Sudden spikes in authentication or remote-access connection failures correlated with RRAS events.
- Security logs showing anomalous code execution indicators around RRAS processes.
Mitigation and prioritisation
- Apply Microsoft-supplied patches for affected Windows Server versions; verify build versions and update to non-affected releases.
- If RRAS is not required, disable the service or restrict access to trusted networks; enforce network segmentation.
- Enforce MFA and strong access controls for VPN/auth flows; implement strict firewall rules to limit RRAS exposure.
- Establish monitoring for RRAS process integrity and related event logs; enable automatic updates where feasible.
- Schedule patching and validation under Change Control; coordinate with IT operations to minimise downtime.
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